Bookmarks

Collapse of Communism & Modern Europe 1989 The Walls Came Tumbling Down Central Europe Online Chernobyl - World Nuclear Association Chronology of Russian History The Post-Soviet Period (1991-) Documents on Global Economic Issues The European Union - Major list of document links The Failure of Balkan Communism and the Causes of the Revolutions of 1989 - lecture by Stephen W. Soward German Unification Slides Gorbachev and Perestroika Kosovo A CICS Web Focus Links to Sites on the European Union Map--The 30 Worst Atrocities of the 20c Map--Collapse of the Soviet Union Map--Europe at the End of the 1990s Map--Governments of the World During the 1990s Map--Political Map of Europe 1995 Map--Successor Republics of the Soviet Union Map--Yugoslavia After the Breakup NATO Official Page NEw York Times Articles on French Politics - late 1990s New York Times Articles on German Politics - late 1990s People of Action during the Second Half of the 20c PoliticalCartoons.com - current cartoons by major cartoonist Radio Free Europe Revolutions in Eastern Europe 1989 - good, brief overview The Russian Economy Russia How Has Change Affected the Former USSR - Annenberg-CPB Project The Second Industrial Revolution (or the Post-Industrial Era) The Simon Wiesenthal Center The Triumph of Solidarity War, Peace, and Security Contemporary Conflicts Who is Vladimir Putin The Yugoslav Civil War - lecture by Stephen W. Soward Yugoslavia Disintegrates Photo of the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Meltdown U. N. Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 1990-2000 GDP Chart for Countries of Eastern Europe (World Bank) Gorbachev's Address After the Coup (8-22-91) Yeltsin Denounces the Coup (8-19-91) Maastricht Treaty The Dayton Accords Gorbachev Interview by CNN on the End of the Cold War (Sept.) Tony Blair on his meeting with Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams 1997 (sound file) We Now Know Rethinking the Cold War - John Lewis Gaddis (Ch. 1--Dividing the World) The Perils of Indifference (Elie Wiesel) Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic's address to the nation (6-10-99) U. N. Security Council Resolution 1333 imposing sanctions on Afghanistan 2000 Anti-Terrorism Crime and Security Bill - British House of Commons 2001 Joint Statement by Presidents Bush and Putin on Counter-Terrorism 2001 Opening statement of the press conference by the Secretary General of NATO, Lord Robertson 2001 Statement to the Press by NATO Secretary General, Lord Robertson, 2001
Cold War 1968 The Year of the Barricades The Adenauer Era in West Germany 1949-1963 Anthony Eden (Spartacus Site) Balkan Politics in the Cold War Years - lecture by Stephen W. Soward The Berlin Airlift of 1948 The Berlin Wall British House of Commons Election Results 1832-1983 (Spartacus Site) Chronology of Russia History The Soviet Period Clement Atlee (Spartacus Site) The Cold War and Korea - lecture outline from MIT Cold War Documentary Library The Cold War Museum Cold War International History Project Bulletins Online Cold War International History Project - Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars A Concrete Curtain The Life and Death of the Berlin Wall The Creation of Two Germanies The Cold War Interactive (CNN) Cold War International History Project The End of the Soviet Union and the Cold War The Eric Honeker Era in East Germany European Unification Extremists in Europe and Japan (1968) Forging the Iron Curtain in the Balkans 1944-1956 - lecture For European Recovery The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Marshall Plan The Great Powers and the Division of Europe 1945-1949 - tutorial with documents and other resources Helmut Kohl and Germany Identity Helmut Schmidt's Government 1974-1982 The House of Saxe-Coburg-Windsor Genealogical Chart (England) The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 A Look at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials (Court TV) Map--Aftermath of the Second World War Map--Cold War Alignments 1945-1960 Map--Cold War Alignments 1960-1991 Map--Cold War Alliances Map--The Division of Germany Map--Dumping the Colonies Map--The United Nations 1945 National Health Service Act (1948) - England (Spartacus Site) NATO Official Page The Nuclear Revolution - lecture outline from MIT The Nuremberg Trials Origins of the Cold War - good review sheet The Origins of the Cold War Paris May, 1968 People of Action during the Second Half of the 20c People of the Cold War People of Ideas-- Philosophers The 2nd Half of the 20c People of Ideas--Scientists The 2nd Half of the 20c People of Ideas--Theologians The 2nd Half of the 20c The Prague Spring of 1968 Radio Free Europe Remembering Bloody Sunday, January 30, 1972 (Ireland) Revelations from the Russian Archives The Rise Khrushchev The Simon Wisenthal Center Social and Economic Change in the Balkans - lecture by Stephen W. Soward Soviet Archives Exhibit The Soviet Union Factbook The Supreme Soviet - organizational flowchart The Trial of Adolf Eichmann - PBS The Trial of Adolf Eichmann - Simon Weisenthal Center United Nations Resolutions List Willy Brandt 1969-1974 Winston Churchill (Spartacus Site) U. N. Charter Churchill's Zurich Speech - calls for a United States of Europe Churchill's Sinews Speech, Westminster College (Fulton, MO) - Iron Curtain J. F. Byrne's Stuttgart Speech and the U. S. restatement of policy on Germany (9-6) George Kennan's Moscow Embassy Telegram #511 (Long Telegram) The Novikov Telegram (Sept.) Nuremberg War Crimes Trials Documents Stalin's Response to Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech Testimony at Nuremburg - Rudolph Hess General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade George Marshall's speech on Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine U. N. General Assembly Resolution 181 - on the partition of Palestine (11-29) Zhdanov's Report to the Cominform (9-22) Israeli Declaration of Independence Treaty of Brussels U. N. Resolution 260 - On Genocide Universal Declaration on Human Rights The N. A. T. O. Treaty The UK, European Integration and the Hoffman Speech Why Socialism Lavender Mist, Number 1 - painting by Jackson Pollock Stikker Plan US-USSR Diplomatic Exchange on Korea Crucifixion - painting by Salvador Dali The Warsaw Pact CPSU Working Notes on Hungary (10-23) Irme Nagy's Last Message (11-4) Khrushchev's Indictment of Stalin Statement of the Soviet Government on the Hungarian Uprising United Nations Statement on Slavery (9-7) EU Charter of Rome All-African People's Conference Resolution on Imperialism and Colonialism, Accra (12-5-13) The Nixon-Khrushchev Kitchen Debate (7-24) Khrushchev-Ulbricht Meeting (11-30) Nikita Khrushchev's Address to the General Assembly of the U. N. Oleg Penkovsky Letter (Aug.) Soviet Statement to U.S. on U-2 Incident (5-10) Khrushchev's Response to Kennedy Speech (8-4) Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters Concerning the Cuban Missile Crisis (10-26-27) Khrushchev's Message to Kennedy (10-28) France's View of the Atlantic Alliance and NATO - Maurice Couve de Murville, Foreign Minister KGB Annual Report Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev-Dubcek phone call (8-13) Czech Communist Party Leaders' Letter to Brezhnev Posters of the Paris Student Uprisings of 1968 Treatment of Dissidents in the 'Years of Stagnation' - Petition on the Legality of the Trial of Ginzburg, Galanskov, Dobrovol's Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (3-5-70) Salt I Treaty (5-26) Brezhnev - Kissinger Talks (3-25-74) Helsinki Accords Documents on the Russian-Afghan War Carter-Brezhnev Correspondence Manifesto of Charter 77 United Nations Statement on Minimum Age for Child Labor (6-26-73) Transcript of Honecker-Castro Meeting (9-3-77) Camp David Accords Brzezinski Memos to Carter on Afghanistan (Dec. 1979) Moscow-Kabul Exchange (March 1979) SALT II Treaty (6-18-79) Soviet Report on Afghanistan (12-31-79) The 'Twenty-One Demands'- A Call for Workers' Rights and Freedom in a Socialist State - Solidarity Union Brezhnev-Jaruzelski Correspondence (Oct-Nov 1981) Man of the Year - Lech Walesa President Reagan's Star Wars Speech 1983 Gorbachev and Reagan Reykjavik Talks (10-11-86) Single European Act Perestroika as defined by the Communist Party Plenum (Jan. 1987) Man of the Year - Mikhail Gorbachev Bruges Speech by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (U. K.) - 9-20-88 Christianity and Wealth - Margaret Thatcher Gorbachev's Speech to the United Nations (12-7-88) Transcripts from the Malta Summit (Dec. 1989)
World War II 1944 Normandy The Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain - British Imperial War Museum Battleship Row A Photographic History of Pearl Harbour British House of Commons Election Results 1832-1983 (Spartacus Site) British Songs of World War II Churchill The Evidence (The Life & Times of Winston Churchill) Documents of World War II Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb Enfranchising Women The Politics of Women's Suffrage in Europe 1789-1945 - tutorial with documents and other resources Enigma The Code Breakers George VI of England (Spartacus Site) German Diplomacy Files Folder Titles List - FDR Library Great Britain Diplomacy Files Folder Titles List - FDR Library The Home Front 1939-1945 (Britain) The Hiroshima Archive The Hiroshima Photo Gallery by Hiromi Tsuchida Hitler and World War Two The Holocaust Timeline The House of Saxe-Coburg-Windsor Genealogical Chart (England) Japanese War Crimes Page Learning About the Holocaust Through Art The Life and Times of Winston Churchill Map--Europe Before World War II 1939 Map--Europe in the Summer of 1939 Map--Farthest Limits of Japanese Conquest Map--Losses in World War II Map--The Second World War 1939-1945 Map--World War II in Europe Memorial Museums for the Victims of National Socialism Newly Released Documents from British MI5 of Materials Relating to World War II Paris' Liberation Page People of Action During the First Half of the 20c Revelations from the Russian Archives The Rutgers Oral History of World War II The Simon Wisenthal Center To Save a Life Stories of Holocaust Rescue Soviet Archives Exhibit The Third Reich Factbook Trinity Atomic Web Site The U-Boat War in the Atlantic 1939-1945 Vatican Diplomacy Files Folder Titles List - FDR Library The Wannsee Conference in the Development of the 'Final Solution' The Wannsee Conference and the Genocide of the European Jews Winston Churchill (Spartacus Site) The World At War World War II World War II - lecture outline from MIT World War II 1939-1945 World War II Causes - essay with photos World War II Factbook World War II List of Propaganda Posters World War II Photo Gallery World War II Resources on the Web World War II Timeline 1917-1945 Order Authorizing Euthanasia - Adolf Hitler Neville Chamberlain's Speech on the German Invasion of Poland Neville Chamberlain's Speech to the British People Declaring War on Germany - audio file Order Authorizing Involuntary Euthanasia in Germany - Hitler Speech to the German People - Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Air Battle Over London - Pilot Office John Beard (R. A. F.) Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat speech - Winston Churchill Edouard Daladier, Premier of France Nazis' Aim is Slavery - radio address a few months before the German attack on France (1 Franco-German Armistice Labour Party Pamphlet Their Finest Hour speech - Winston Churchill Three Power Pact (9-27) The War Situation House of Many Mansions speech by Winston Churchill (1-20) We Shall Fight on the Beaches speech by Winston Churchill The Atlantic Charter Cardinal Clemens von Galen Against Nazi Euthenasia Four Freedoms Speech - President Franklin D. Roosevelt German Declaration of War on the US (12-11) Letter to Heydrich on the Final Solution Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor The Manifesto of Ventotene Marxism, Capitalism, and Non-Alignment Nazi Soldiers Letters from Russia Never Give In--Never! Never! speech by Winston Churchill (10-29) Night and Fog Decree (12-7) Pact Between the Axis Powers Barring a Separate Peace Between the U. S. or Britain Women's Place in the 'Maximum National Effort' - Edith Summerskill An Account of Holocaust Mass Shooting - Hermann Friedrich Grabbe From the Supreme Teachings of Nazi Ideology to the Ramifications of Unprecedented Betrayal - Ursula Grosser-Dixon (a personal a Mutual Aid Agreement [Lend-Lease] between the U. S. & the U. S. S. R. The Myth of Sisyphus - Albert Camus The Wansee Protocol The Casablanca Conference Living Through the Götterdämmerung of the Third Reich - The Price of Greatness is Responsibility - speech by Winston Churchill at Harvard University Racial Policy - SS pamphlet Speech to S. S. Group Leaders at Posen - Heinrich Himmler (with sound file Tehran Declaration (12-1) The Bretton Woods Agreements (July) FDR Memorandum to the Secretary of State on Germany (9-29) The International Labor Organization Declaration Concerning Aims and Purposes (5-10) Invasion of Normandy - Marie-Louise Osmont (French women eyewitness) A Schutspasse {protective passes} issued by Raoul Wallenberg to Budapest Jews The Soviet Hymn-Anthem (lyrics and WAV file) Speech by Winston Churchill on the Allied invasion of France The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima - eyewitness account by Father P. Siemes, a German Catholic priest The Crimea Protocol Draft Letter about the Soviet Union & Eastern Europe - George Kennan Emperor Hirohito Announces Japan's Surrender The Fire Bombing of Dresden - a personal account by Lothar Metzger German Surrender Documents Hitler's Last Will and Testament Japanese Surrender Documents Labour Party Manifesto (Eng.) The Last Broadcast of Lord Haw Haw - audio file The Potsdam Declaration Rapprochement between The Orthodox Church and Soviet Government - speech of M. G. Karpov at Council of the Orthodox Church Speeches by Winston Churchill on V-E Day Surviving the A-bomb Attack on Hiroshima - Dr. Michihiko Hachiya, eyewitness U. S. War Department Press Release on New Mexico A-Bomb Test The Yalta Declaration
Midwar Years 1926 General Strike in England (Spartacus Site) The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives Adolf Hitler - Biography (Jewish Virtual Library) The Age of Anxiety Europe in the 1920s (1) The Age of Anxiety Europe in the 1920s (2) The Age of Totalitarianism Stalin and Hitler The A. J. P. Taylor Thesis on the Origins of World War II Albert Einstein(biography) Art Deco (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works British House of Commons Election Results 1832-1983 (Spartacus Site) Chamberlain and Hitler What Was Chamberlain Trying To Do Churchill The Evidence (The Life & Times of Winston Churchill) The Collapse of the Weimar Republic Collectivization in the Soviet Union Crisis and War in Europe 1937-1940 Dadaism (Artcyclopedia) Dietrich Bonhoeffer (biography) Diplomacy of the Third Reich Emmeline Pankhurst (Spartacus Site) Enfranchising Women The Politics of Women's Suffrage in Europe 1789-1945 - tutorial with documents and other resources The Ethiopian War 1935-41 - succinct outline The Existential Frame of Mind Expressionism (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works Fascism and the Nazis (Spartacus) Fascism in Italy (BBC) From Intervention to Munich The Inter-War Years (The Millennial Files) George Orwell (Spartacus Site) George Orwell and the Last Man in Europe German Diplomacy Files Folder Titles List - FDR Library German Propaganda Archives (Warning--some severe anti-Semitic materials included!) Germany, Hitler, and the Prospect for Peace The Great Crash and the Great Slump - lecture by J. Bradford DeLong (UC Berkeley) The Great Depression The History of the Swastika Hitler and Economic Recovery in Germany Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch The House of Saxe-Coburg-Windsor Genealogical Chart (England) The Inter-War Years 1919-1939 Italian Life Under Fascism Lights in the Darkness Resisters to the Nazi Regime Europe After the Treaty of Locarno 1925 Map--The Dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire the 1920s Map--The European Democracies 1919 to the 1930s Map--Governments During the 1930s (world map) Map--The Growth of Japan in the 20c Map--League of Nations 1920-1946 Map--The Middle East in the 1920s Map--New Nations After World War I Map--The Partition of Czechoslovakia Map--The Peace Settlement in Europe 1919 Map--Spanish Civil War Map--Totalitarian Regimes in the 1930s Map--Zones of Conflict and the Polish Frontier as of 1921 Nazi and Soviet Art Nazi Germany (BBC) Nazi Germany - Picture Gallery The Nazi Olympics Berlin, 1936 Nazi Posters 1933-1945 The Nazi Road to Power The Nazi Seizure of Power The Nazi-Soviet Pact Nazi-Soviet Relations Documents from 1939 - 1941 (The Avalon Project) Neville Chamberlain (Spartacus Site) The Nizkor Project - The Office of Strategic Services - Adolf Hitler Source Book & Psychological Profile Nietzsche and Hitler - from William Shirer's The Origins of the Nazi Party People of Action During the First Half of the 20c People of Ideas The 1st Half of the 20c The Political System of the Third Reich The Posters of the Spanish Revolution Purges and Hysteria in the Soviet Union Ramsey McDonald (Spartacus Site Revelations from the Russian Archives The Rise of Adolph Hitler - book written for The HistoryPlace (24 short chapters) The Rise of Hitler (BBC) Salvador Dali Art Gallery The Soviet Union - Map (1918-1939) The Soviet Union Factbook The Spanish Bourbons Genealogical Chart Spanish Civil War Oral History Project The Spanish Revolution The Spanish Revolution and Civil War Stalin - CNN Biography Series The Stalin Internet Library Surrealism (Artcyclopedia) Then and Now Prices (1930s prices for Common Items) The Third Reich Factbook Upheaval in Germany, the Peace Treaty, and Imperialism The Visual Front Posters of the Spanish Civil War The Wall Street Crash (BBC Weimar Republic Economic and Political Problems Weimar Republic Foreign Policy Problems Weimar Republic The Good Years Weimar Republic Links World War II Timeline 1917-1945 Chart of Elections in Weimar Germany 'Equal Pay for Equal Work' Report of the War Cabinet on Women in Industry (H.M.S.O, 1919), paras. 10 & 11 - Great Britain Hitler's First Anti-Semitic Writing Post War Employment of Women - Aberdeen Free Press (2-4) The Constitution of the Weimar Republic Ink Drawings of George Grosz - click on several of those listed at the bottom Postage Stamps of the Weimar Republic and chart (at bottom of page) on the value of the Mark Program of the National Social German Workers' Party Comrade Lenin Sweeps the World Clean - political poster The Economic Consequences of the Peace - John Maynard Keynes March 8--Women's Emancipation - Soviet political poster The Twenty-Five Points - an early Nazi program New Economic Policy - Lenin Our Disagreements - J. V. Stalin in Pravda (1-19) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Setting to Work Keep Your Rifle at Hand - Soviet political cartoon American-Anglo Agreement on Palestine British Mandate in Palestine - League of Nations British White Paper on Palestine Lenin's Testament On Overcoming the Consequences of the Lost War - General Erich Ludendorff Stock Market Chart Entering King Tut's Tomb - Howard Carter My Disillusionment in Russia--Afterward - Emma Goldman The Treaty of Lausanne League of Nations Covenant - Adolph Hitler (full text) On the Death of Lenin - Joseph Stalin Jean Rennie, scullery-maid kitchen-maid and cook-housekeeper Mein Kampf Trotskyism or Leninism - Joseph Stalin The Discovery of Anti-semitism in Vienna The Geneva Protocol Poisonous or other Gases, Bacteriological Warfare Hitler on the Discovery of Antisemitism in Vienna A Surrealist Manifesto The Treaty of Locarno The Fascist Symbol (leaflet) Speech at the 1927 Nuremberg Rally - Adolf Hitler We Demand Civilization and Its Discontents Equal Franchise Act (Britain) Kellogg-Briand Pact Knowledge and Propaganda - Joseph Goebbels Why Do We Want to Join the Reichstag - Joseph Goebbels Caricatures from Der Stürmer - Joseph Goebbels (an early anti-Semitic Nazi piece of propaganda) Briand Plan (5-19) Propaganda in Postage Stamps (Nazi Germany) Meet the Five-Year Target Figures for the Production of Coal in Three Years - Soviet political poster On the Industrialization of Russia - Joseph Stalin Persistence of Memory - Surrealist painting by Salvador Dali Statute of Westminster Will and Way - Joseph Goebbels Background to the German Crisis - Franz von Papen The Storm is Coming What is Fascism - Benito Mussolini Several postcards of Nazi Propaganda Hitler's Concordat with the Catholic Church Law for the Protection of Hereditary Health The Attempt to Improve the German Aryan Breed (Nuremberg Racial Law) Letters on Jews Who Served in German Military - Adolf Hitler and Paul von Hindenberg Nazi Enabling Act The Results of the First Five-Year Plan - Joseph Stalin Sterilization for 'The Unfit'- The Hitlerian Nightmare Begins The Structure of the Unconscious - Sigmund Freud National Socialist Racial Policy A Speech to German Women The Oath to Adolph Hitler Triumph of the Will Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor Mussolini Justifies the Invasion of Ethiopia Nuremberg Laws on Citizenship and Race Nuremberg Laws for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor Anti-Comintern Pact Broadcast After His Abdication - King Edward VIII of England Posters of the Spanish Civil War The Rhineland Crisis The French Reaction - M. P.-E. Flandin, French Minister of Foreign Affairs The Rhineland Crisis The British Reaction - Policy Memorandum of the Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden Stalin's Purges - the official explanation Soviet Constitution (full text) Guernica - painting by Pablo Picasso The Nanking Massacre On National Socialism and World Relations - speech by Adolf Hitler The Ugly Jew - a piece of Nazi propaganda (book cover) The British Reaction to the German-Austrian Anschluss - Neville Chamberlain Crystal Night at the Dinslaken Orphanage Declaration of members of the historic nobility, delivered 9-17 to President Edvard Benes of Czechoslovakia Dialectical and Historical Materialism - J. V. Stalin Krystallnacht Order - Reinhard Heydrich Manifesto of the Racist Scientists Munich Agreement On the Sudetenland Crisis - speech by Adolf Hitler (sound file) Peace in Our Time - Neville Chamberlain Time Magazine's Why the German Republic Fell - Bruno Heilig Britain's Response to Germany's Invasion of Poland France's Response to Germany's Invasion of Poland Letter from Hitler to Mussolini (Aug. 25) Letter from Mussolini to Hitler (Aug. 25) - in response Letter to Hitler from President Franklin D. Roosevelt (4-14) Mussolini's Call to Arms Pact of Steel (5-22) Proclamation to the German Army - Adolf Hitler Chamberlain on the Nazi Invasion of Poland Speech to Reichstag - Adolf Hitler (9-1) Man of the Year - Joseph Stalin Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the U. S. S. R. Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the U. S. S. R. - Secret Protocol Western Guarantees of Poland's Independence
WWI and Russian Revolution 1918--Chaos in Russia and Germany's Last Offensive The Aftermath of the Russian Revolution The Annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1908 Anthem for Doomed Youth--Writers & Literature of the Great War 1914-1918 Art of the First World War The Balkan Causes of World War I - lecture by Stephen W. Soward The Bosnian Crisis of 1908-1909 British House of Commons Election Results 1832-1983 (Spartacus Site) Causes of World War I The Collections of the German Historical Museum Documents on Bosnia and the Rest of the Balkans The Emancipation of British Women 1750-1920 (Spartacus) The Empire That Was Russia Enfranchising Women The Politics of Women's Suffrage in Europe 1789-1945 - tutorial with documents and other resources Events and Issues in Russia 1914-25 (Spartacus) The Fall of the Eagles The Collapse of European Monarchy in 1918 France at War--A Gallery of Rare Stereo Photographs Gallipoli The Drama of the Dardanelles The German Revolution of 1918 Germany's High Sea Fleet in the World War German Policy in Occupied Belgium, 1914-1918 - essay by David Menichetti in Essays in History The Great War The Great War and the Shaping of the 20c (PBS) The Great War in a Different Light--Accounts from Contemporary Books & Magazines The Great War in Numbers - statistics on World War I The House of Habsburgs - Lorraine Genealogical Chart The House of Saxe-Coburg-Windsor Genealogical Chart (England) Images of World War I- French Posters, 1914-1920 Images of World War I The Western Front A Joyful Leap into War The July Crisis Austria's Viewpoint The July Crisis Britain's Viewpoint The July Crisis France's Viewpoint The July Crisis Germany's Viewpoint The July Crisis The German General Staff's Viewpoint The July Crisis Russia's Viewpoint The July Crisis Serbia's Viewpoint The Legacy of Versailles The Lost Generation of 1914 Lost Poets of World War I Map--Diplomatic Crises 1905-1914 Europe After the October Revolution 1917 Map--Europe Before World War I Map--Losses in World War I Map--The Peace Settlement in Europe 1919 Map--Principle European Alliance 1914 Map--Russia after Brest-Litovsk 1918 Map--World War I Maps(2)--Southeastern Europe 1911 & 1914 The Morocco Crisis of 1911 October 1917--A Lost Opportunity for Socialism - many links to articles - a libertarian communist's view Peace! Land! Bread! People of Action During the First Half of the 20c Photos of World War I Political Leaders of World War I Propaganda Posters of World War I Publications of the War The Red Fighter Pilot--Manfred von Richtofen (The Red Baron) Remembering and Understanding the Armenian Genocide Revelations from the Russian Archives Revolution and Revanchism 1917-1929 The Road to War (BBC) The Romanov Dynasty Genealogical Chart (Russia) A Russian Revolution (The Millennial Files) - a different perspective
New Imperialism The Anglo-Boer War The Berlin Treaty, 1878 The Boer War The Boer War Remembered Britain-India Appropriation, Expansion, and Colonization
2nd Industrial Revolution 1900 A Preview of the 20c Albert Einstein (biography) Alexander Palace Time Machine Everyday Life in a Romanov Palace Amedeo Modigliani (WeMuseum) Art Nouveau (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works Beatrice Potter Web (Spartacus Site) Benjamin Disraeli (Spartacus Site) Bloody Sunday The Political Progression of the Workers' Movement in Early Twentieth Century Russia Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Failure of Reform in Austria-Hungary - lecture British House of Commons Election Results 1832-1983 (Spartacus Site) Creating French Culture Treasures from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France The Crystal Palace Exhibit Cubism (Artcyclopedia) Dickens' London The East End Domestic Life in 19c England Early Modern Art Edvard Munch Edward VII of England (Spartacus Site) The Emancipation of British Women 1750-1920 (Spartacus) The Empire That Was Russia Ethnic Diversity The Empire That Was Russia People at Work Enfranchising Women The Politics of Women's Suffrage in Europe 1789-1945 - tutorial with documents and other resources Evolution Darwin (PBS) Extracts from the Times of London (1850-1851) on the culture of Victorian London The Fabian Society (Spartacus Site) Fauvism (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works Futurism Georges Braque H. G. Wells (Spartacus Site) High Victorian Gothic Architecture in England - many photos The House of Romanov Geneological Chart The House of Saxe-Coburg-Windsor Genealogical Chart (England) Images of Black Victorians in Britain Impressionism (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works Impressionism (Web Museum) The Impressionists (Biography.com) Jack the Ripper As the Threat of Outcast London - Robert F. Haggard in Two Solutions to the Eastern Question The Treaty of San Stefano; The Congress Monuments and Dust The Culture of Victorian London Nietzsche, Freud, and the Thrust Toward Modernism (1) Nietzsche, Freud, and the Thrust Toward Modernism (2) Pablo Picasso People of Action During the 19c People of Ideas During the 19c The Perspectives of Nietzsche Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's Collected Works Post-Impressionism - large list of artists and their works The Posters of Toulouse-Lautrec Queen Victoria (Spartacus Site) Random Thoughts on the Intellectual History of 20c Europe The Revolution of 1905 in Russia The Second Industrial Revolution The Second Reich Socialism Venn Diagram The Stolypin Agrarian Reform, 1906 Symbolism Art Movement (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works Victoria's London Victoria Station The Victorian Census Project The Victorian Era - articles in the magazine, History in Focus The Victorian Web Vienna 1900 Wassily Kandinski William Gladstone (Spartacus Site) William Morris (Spartacus Site) Women and Birth Control (Spartacus Site) The Spread of Railways in the 19c - charts Social Darwinism Women and Work - Barbara Leigh Smith A House of Mercy - Bessie Rainer Parkes - Charles Darwin Medicine as a Profession for Women - Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell Czar Alexander II's Address in the State Council Emancipating the Russian Serfs The Case for Equal Education - read at the National Assoc. for the Promotion of Social Science The Exclusion of Women from the Franchise - John Stuart Mill in the House of Commons (7-17) 'A Reform Letter from a Single Lady', Punch (5-5) The Claim of Englishwomen to the Suffrage Constitutionally Considered - Helen Taylor A Leap in the Dark - political cartoon on the 1867 Reform Bill - John Tenniel in Punch (8-3) The right of women to vote under the Reform Act - R. M. Pankhurst The Enfranchised Washerwoman - poem in Punch 9-19 Reasons for and against the Enfranchisement of Women - Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon The Subjugation of Women The Ladies Protest - Josephine Butler Tables Illustrating the Spread of Industrialization in the Western World The Internationale Less Than Justice for Women - Women's Suffrage Journal (7-1) Secret Ballot Act (Britain) Liberalism Evaluated - John Stuart Mill On the Use and Abuse of History for Life - Friedrich Nietzsche Why Women Desire the Franchise - Frances Power Cobbe Speech on the Women's Disabilities Removal Bill - John Bright, M.P. (4-26) Léon Richer What is to be Done with the Slums - W. M. Torrens in Macmillan's Magazine (April) Common Sense and the Dwellings of the Poor Part I -- Improvements Now Practicable - Octavia Hill in The Nineteenth Century Common Sense and the Dwellings of the Poor Part II -- The Mischief of State Aid - Lord Shaftsbury in The Nineteenth Century Common Sense and the Dwellings of the Poor Part III -- The Existing Law - H. O. Arnold-Forster in The Nineteenth Century (D Common Sense and the Dwellings of the Poor Part IV -- A Workman's Reflections - William Glazier in The Nineteenth Century ( Corrupt Practices Act (Britain) Homes of the London Poor - Octavia Hill Labourers' and Artisans Dwellings - Joseph Chamberlain in the Fortnightly Review (12-1) - William Morris - Emile Zola Methodism and 'The Bitter Cry of Outcast London' - Forster Crozier Redistribution Act (Britain) Observations of Bloody Sunday Riots in London An Appeal Against Female Suffrage (June) - Mrs. Humphry Ward, et. al. The Development of the Democratic Ideal The Historic Basis of Socialism - Sydney Webb Evolutionary Socialism On the Condition of the Working Classes [Rerum Novarum] Female Suffrage - A Letter to Samuel Smith, M. P. from William Gladstone (4-11) The Warfare of Science and Theology in Christendom - Andrew White - Captain Alfred Dreyfus The Interpretation of Dreams Sergei Witte on the Tasks for Economic Policy The Suffrage Movement Radicalized - from Emile Pankhurst's memoirs The Social Gospel Women's National Anti-Suffrage League - Speech by Mrs. Humphry Ward (7-21) From Liberalism - L. T. Hobhouse An Exposition of Darwinism by a Contemporary Naturalist - Alfred Wallace The New Liberalism - W. L. Blease Speech by Emily Pankhurst My Own Story
Unification Bismarck Memorial A Chronology of Russian History The Imperial Period (1689-1917) The Crimean War The Crimean War - lecture outline from MIT Enfranchising Women The Politics of Women's Suffrage in Europe 1789-1945 - tutorial with documents and other resources Europe After the Congress of Berlin - Map (1878) The Great Powers and the 'Eastern Question' - lecture by Stephen W. Soward Great Power Politics 1870s The Heritage of Bismarck The Hohenzollerns Genealogical Chart (Brandenburg-Prussia) The House of Habsburgs - Lorraine Genealogical Chart The House of Saxe-Coburg-Windsor Genealogical Chart (England) Louis Napoleon III (biography) Map Labeling Self-Quiz--Central Europe - Kagan text site Music and Nationalism Nationalism in Hungary, 1848-1867 - lecture by Stephen W. Sowards Nationalism Links People of Action During the 19c The Process of German Unification The Prussian Wars of Unification - lecture from MIT The Risorgimento The Romanov Dynasty Genealogical Chart (Russia) The Siege and Commune of Paris 1870-1871 The Spanish Bourbons Genealogical Chart Toward the Unification of Germany - Map (1740-1871) The Unification of Italy - Map (1850s-1870s) G. W. F. Hegel On the State Impact of the Great Man - Thomas Carlyle - Johann Gottlieb Fichte The Shootings of May 3, 1808 - painting by Goya General Instructions for the Members of Young Italy - Giuseppi Mazzini - Daniel O'Connell Deutschland, Deutschland über alles - German national anthem (Germany, Germany, Over All) Documents on Italian Unification Allocution of Pope Pius IX - about Italian Unification National Song of Hungary - lyrics Statuto of 1848 Documents of German Unification Hungarian Declaration of Independence Giuseppi Mazzini and the Italian Nation Louis Napoleon's Speech at Bordeaux Establishing the Second French Empire On Nationality as a Key to Social Development The Charge of the Light Brigade - poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson Granny Scenes from Country Life - Bozena Nemcova - Czech Nationalism Finds a Literary Outlet Speech in the House of Lords Defending His Conduct at Balaklava - Earl of Luccan Excerpts from the Diaries of Queen Victoria - on the Opening of the Great Exhibition-Crystal Palace Crystal Palace - drawing Plombières Agreement - Cavour to Napoleon III Plombières Agreement - Cavour to Victor Emmanuel II Armistice of Villafranca - between Napoleon III & Franz-Joseph II Franco-Sardinian Alliance Giuseppi Garibaldi Encourages His Soldiers The Emancipation Manifesto - Tsar Alexander (3-3) The Austrian Constitution Memoirs of the Ausgleich - Count von Beust The Hungaro-Croatian Compromise of 1868 (Nagodba) The Ems Telegram The Watch on the Rhine - song lyrics by Max Schneckenberger King Victor Emmanuel's Speech to the Italian Parliament The Marxist Analysis of The Civil War in France- The Paris Commune - Karl Marx The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State The Treaty of Berlin - Excerpts on the Balkans What is Communism ... - from the Irish World (6-1) The Commune of Paris The Three Emperors League The Triple Alliance Bismarck's speech to the Prussian Parliament on the Polish Question Speech to the German Reichstag - Otto von Bismarck Fall From Power - Otto von Bismarck Program of the Pan-German League The Erfurt Program - Program of the Social Democratic Party in Germany Russia's Imperial Destiny - Kaiser Wilhelm II Speaks On the Jewish State - Emile Zola Opinion Poll, Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung The German Fatherland - song lyrics by Ernst Moritz Arndt to the North German Regatta Association (A Place in the Sun) - Kaiser Programme of the Union of the Russian People Russian Fundamental Law (4-23) Interview with Kaiser Wilhelm II in The London Daily Telegraph (10-28) - Mohandas Gandhi If I Were Kaiser - Heinrich Class
Early 19th Century The Age of Ideologies (1) General Introduction - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The Age of Ideologies (2) Reflections on Karl Marx - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The Age of Ideologies (3) The World of Auguste Comte - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The Bentham Project The Bourbons A Genealogical Chart (France) British House of Commons Election Results 1832-1983 (Spartacus Site) British Parliamentary Reforms (1802-1918) - list of major laws in chart form British Women Romantic Poets 1789-1832 Caspar David Friedrich Cato Street Conspiracy (Spartacus Site) Charles Dickens (Spartacus Site) A Chronology of Russian History The Imperial Period (1689-1917) The Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna and the Congress System 1814-1848 Costumes Françaises The Reign of Louis XVIII Daniel O'Connell (Spartacus Site) The Encyclopedia of the 1848 Revolutions Enfranchising Women The Politics of Women's Suffrage in Europe 1789-1945 - tutorial with documents and other resources Europe 1815-1852 The France of Victor Hugo The French Revolution and the Socialist Tradition Early French Communists (1) - from the Lectures on Modern European Intell The French Revolution and Democratic Socialist Tradition English Democratic Socialists (2) - from the Lectures on Modern Eu Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (biography The Great Irish Famine The Great Starvation and British Imperialism in Ireland The Greek Revolution and the Greek State - lecture by Steven W. Sowards Hegel Online - Hypertext A Historian Looks at Hegel Philosophically - David Burrell History of the Irish Famine The Hohenzollerns Genealogical Chart (Brandenburg-Prussia) The House of Habsburgs - Lorraine Genealogical Chart The House of Saxe-Coburg-Windsor Genealogical Chart (England) An Introduction to Marxism The Irish Potato Famine - 8-part history with period illustrations Jeremy Bentham (Spartacus Site) John Stuart Mill (Spartacus Site) Journeys in Time 1809-1822 - the Journals of Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie (New South Wales, Australia) Liberalism (Classical) A Historical Perspective Map--The Americas 1800-1836 Map--Centers of Revolution 1848-1858 Map--Europe in the Mid-19c Italy in 1815 Mary Wollstonecraft (Spartacus Site) Marx & Engels' Writings Marx and History Marxism Page The Peel Web Penny Magazine People of Action During the 19c People of Ideas During the 19c A Perverse and Ill-Fated People English Perceptions of the Irish, 1845-52 - Ed Lengel in The Pre-Raphaelite Movement (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works Prince Metternich and the New Social Order 1815-1848 The Principles of Communism - Frederick Engels Queen Victoria (Spartacus Site) Realism (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works The Regency Fashion Page Revolution and Reaction 1848 The Revolutions of 1848 Revolutions of 1848 in Europe and Italy Robert Peel (Spartacus Site) The Romantic Art Movement (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists and their works The Romantic Chronology Romantic Circles The Romanov Dynasty Genealogical Chart (Russia) The Romantic Era A Critique on the Enlightenment - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History Romantic Links, Electronic Texts, & Home Pages Schools of Economic-Political Thought Slavery How did the Abolition Acts of 1807 and 1833 Affect Slavery Socialism, Marxism, and Trade Unionism - crib sheet Soren Kierkegaard - biography The Spanish Bourbons Genealogical Chart The Springtime of the Peoples - articles on the 1830 and 1848 revolutions by Carlos Acuna-Dunn Tallyrand and the Congress of Vienna - essay Utilitarianism - Powerpoint presentation online (20 slides) Utilitarianism Resources The Utopian Socialists Charles Fournier (1) - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The Utopian Socialists Robert Owen and Saint-Simon (2) - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History William Blake (Spartacus Site) Women Romantic-Era Writers Accounts of the Potato Revolution Essay on Population The Tables Turned Tintern Abbey An Assortment of Grimms' Fairy Tales Immortal Beloved love letter - Beethoven Address To the German Nation - Johann Gottlieb Fichte On Censorship - Prinz Klemens von Metternich Abbey in an Oak Forest - painting by Caspar David Friedrich - Joseph DeMaistre The Frankfurt Declaration Documents upon the Transition to the Restoration of the French Monarchy French Constitutional Charter of 1814 (6-4) The Holy Alliance Kubla Khan or, a Vision In a Dream A Fragment - poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge Robert Owen's Appearance Before Robert Peel's House of Commons Committee Song of the Luddites - poem by Lord Byron Abbey Graveyard in the Snow - painting by Caspar David Friedrich The Iron Law of Wages - Thomas Malthus The Principles of Political Economy - The Call to Freedom & The Mask of Anarchy - poems by Percy Bysshe Shelley Carlsbad Decrees-Resolutions Eyewitness Accounts of the Peterloo Massacre The Mask of Anarchy - poem by Percy Byssche Shelley Press Laws and Ordinances of the Restoration of the French Press Four Letters on Liberty of the Press and Public Discussion - Jeremy Bentham Philosophy of Right Prinz Klemens von Metternich's Political Confession of Faith The Isle of Greece - poem by Lord Byron Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation - Jeremy Bentham (full text) The Case for Immediate, Not Gradual Abolition - Elizabeth Heyrick Renewal of the Carlsbad Decrees (7-18) Appeal of One Half of the Human Race, Women, against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men - William Thompson (and Anna Doyle Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi - painting by Delacroix The Address of Female Sir Robert Peel's letter to Henry Hobhouse, Home Secretary about establishing a Metropolitan Police Aboard a Slave Ship Catholic Emancipation Act The Constitutional Code Liberty Leading the People - painting by Delacroix Désirée Veret to Father Enfantin Letter to Le Globe (9-11) The Metamorphosis of King Louis-Philippe into a Pear - sketch by Charles Philipon The Narrative of Mary Prince - a black slave from the West Indies Debates Amongst Lyonnais Weavers and Republicans Jewish Disabilities - A speech delivered in A Committee of the Whole House of Commons by Thomas Babington Macaulay Daniel O'Connell on Justice for Ireland Extract is from the first report of the Prison Inspectors taken from Parliamentary Papers writing about Newgate Gaol in London Education and Capacities of Women Aims and Rules of the National Charter Association The Organization of Labor - Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On [The Slave Ship) - painting by Joseph Turner 'Address to the Women of England' - English Chartist Circular Chartism and Temperance Account of the Strikes of 1842 (England) Principles of International Law - Jeremy Bentham Scientific Socialism - Karl Marx The condition of the labourers in Ireland 'Le Prêtre...' - Jules Michelet English Views of the Irish Potato Famine (several different links) Letter of Alexander Somerville on the Irish Potato Famine The Misery That Was Ireland- The Potato Famine - W. Stewart Trench Narrative of a Recent Six Weeks Journey in Ireland Account of the Events of April 10th, 1848 in London - Chartist Demonstration Anti-Republican Catechism for the People - a counter-revolutionary pamphlet distributed in Berlin Chartism and the State, April 1848 - J. Saville The Communist Manifesto - Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels Condition of the July Monarchy, 1830-1848 Constitutional Proposals of the Vienna Reading Club Documents of the 1848 Revolution in France An English eye-witness's account of the June days - Sir Edmund Frankland February Days in Paris - assorted documents by observers of the event The French Revolution in 1848 - Percy B. St. John The Heidelberg Declaration The June Uprising - Alexis de Tocqueville The June Uprising - Karl Marx Louis Blanc's Program (3-20) The Mainz Petition Manifesto of the Berlin People's Election Committee The Manifesto of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte The Mannheim Petition The March Insurrection in Berlin The Chartist Procession according to the Signatures of the Petition - cartoons from Punch (4-15) Popular Disorder in the Provinces (France) Proclamations of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Palermo, Italy Rules for the Election of a German National Assembly (Frankfurt Parliament) Street Barricade Scene, Milan, March 1848 - G. Mazzola To the Electors of the Seine - Citizen Etienne Arago Various Governments' Concerns about the 1848 Revolutions Victor Hugo's Description of the Barricades - from Les Miserables Women on the Barricade, Near the Porte St. Denis - drawing in The Illustrated London News (7-1) The Frankfurt Constitution History of the Revolution of 1848 in France - Alphonse de Lamartine Hungarian Declaration of Independence The Law - Frederic Bastiat (part I) 1848 and the Movement for Women's Rights - Jeanne Deroin and Pauline Roland Woman's Rights and Chartism a verdict in 1851 The Peasants War in Germany (excerpt) - Friedrich Engels From On Liberty - John Stuart Mill
Industrialization The 1833 Factory Act Page The 1834 Poor Law Page The Anti-Corn League British History of Child Labor in the 19c (Spartacus) British House of Commons Election Results 1832-1983 (Spartacus Site) British Industrial Growth - tutorial with documents and other resources Chartism Chartist Newspapers (Spartacus Site) Child Labor in 19c England - primary documents of reformers, supporters, etc. The Emancipation of British Women 1750-1920 (Spartacus) Enfranchising Women The Politics of Women's Suffrage in Europe 1789-1945 - tutorial with documents and other resources England Young Workers in the 19th Century - Interview (The Life of the Industrial Worker in 19th-Century England) The Industrial Revolution and the Railway System Inventions of the Industrial Revolution (BBC) Lectures on the Industrial Revolution in England - Arnold Toynbee (1884) The Luddites 1811-1812 (Spartacus Site) Map--English Common Lands Enclosed by Acts of Parliament 1700-1850 Map--Industrial England Early 19c Map--Industrialization in Western Europe 1850 The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The Peel Web People of Action During the 19c The Plight of Women's Work in the Early Industrial Revolution in England and Wales Queen Victoria (Spartacus Site) The Social Aspects of Industrialization - tutorial with documents and other resources Songs of Innocence Tables Illustrating the Spread of Industrialization Women and Chartism (Spartacus Site) The Workhouse Leeds Woolen Workers Petition Letter from Leeds Cloth Merchants Observations on the Loss of Woollen Spinning Manchester Becomes a Thriving Industrial City - John Aikin An Essay on the Principle of Population Images of the Industrial Revolution in England Table Showing the Comparative Weight of Factory & Non-Factory English Children Petition for Poor Relief The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act House of Commons Select Committee on The Woollen Industry Child Labor in Cotton Factories - Robert Southey, A Luddite attack on a Yorkshire mill Luddite Oath Various Descriptions of Workhouse Children, England The English Corn Laws Evidence of James Pattison (on Observations on the Effects of the Manufacturing System - Robert Owen Opposition to the Chimney Sweepers' Regulation Bill The Six Acts The Steam Loom - Richard Guest Wages of Factory Workers in Leeds - statistical chart Various Comments on the London Reform Riots of 1831 Transcripts from the Sadler Commission Investigation Sadler Commission Report on Child Labor - testimony of Joseph Habergam, 17 years of age Debates Amongst Lyonnais Weavers and Republicans Dr. Samuel Smith's Testimony to the House of Commons Health in the Factory and in the Mine - John Rule Macauley On Parliamentary Reform The Moral and Physical Conditions of the Working Classes of Manchester in 1832 - Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth Reform Act (Britain) Speech of Michael Sadler in the House of Commons on the second reading of the Factories Regulation Bill The Life of the Industrial Worker in 19c England - several docs. Age of Workers in Cotton Mills in Lancashire, England - statistical chart An Act Abolishing Slavery Throughout the British Colonies The Factory Act Minutes of Mark Best's evidence taken before the Committee on the Factories Bill The People's Charter Report of the Commissioners on the employment of children in factories A Well Conducted Factory - article in The Penny Magazine The Lyon Uprising The Poor Laws Amendment Act To the Straw Bonnet Makers - in the Owenite journal, The Pioneer Notes on a Journey to the Mines of Cornwall and Wales - article in The Penny Magazine The Philosophy of the Manufacturers - Andrew Ure The Barnsley Manifesto The First National Petition (England) Leonard Horner, Inspector of Factories for the British government, commenting on the implementation of the 1833 Factory Act The view of a soldier on Chartist activity in the north of England - from the diaries of Sir Charles Napier Conditions in Nottingham in 1840 - General Sir Charles Napier Condition of the Poor in Manchester - John Layhe Robert Peel's Speech on the Corn Laws Splinter movements from Chartism - criticism by Feargus O'Connor, Northern Star (4-3) Chadwick's Report on Sanitary Conditions The Debate on the 1842 Charter Duncombe's Speech Introducing the 1842 Charter The Factory System Illustrated - Public Reaction to the Disclosure of Conditions in the Coal Mines - Conservative Party's periodical, the Shaftesbury's Speech in Commons on Conditions in the Mines Testimony Gathered by Ashley's Mines Commission Thomas Macaulay's speech against Chartism Agricultural Conditions in Ireland - reported by Captain Kennedy, Secretary to the Devonshire Commission Industrial Manchester - Friedrich Engels Introduction to The Condition of the Working Class in England - Friedrich Engels Shaftesbury's Speech in Commons on the Ten-Hour Act Cheap Clothing - political cartoon by John Leach in Punch Conditions in Manchester - Charles Cavendish Greville's An extract from Lord John Russell's Edinburgh Letter of 11-22 to support Peel's repeal of the Corn Laws Industrial Conditions in Manchester, England Prince Albert's memorandum on the Corn Laws (12-25) A Wise Factory Owner - Parliamentary Papers 1845, XXV, pp. 456-7 (Britain) Sir Robert Peel's Speech on the Repeal of the Corn Laws Sir Robert Peel's speech resigning from the House of Commons English Views of the Irish Potato Famine A Letter in Reply to a Hand-Bill published by the Curate of Rotherham, criticizing Chartism Cripples in the Yard of Children's Home in London - picture - Samuel Smiles Study of London Labour and the London Poor, Volume I - Henry Mayhew Utilitarianism (Chapter 1 - General Remarks)- John Stuart Mill Tables Illustrating the Spread of Industrialization in the Western World
Napoleonic Era The Bourbons A Genealogical Chart (France) The Correspondence of Napoleon I Creating French Culture Treasures from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France Early 19c Empire Style of Clothing The Empire Between Dictatorship and Monarchy - lecture Enfranchising Women The Politics of Women's Suffrage in Europe 1789-1945 - tutorial with documents and other resources England Expects Lord Nelson Home Page Europe and the Supreme Being Napoleon - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History Goya's Disasters of War - his paintings about the Peninsular War The Hohenzollerns Genealogical Chart (Brandenburg-Prussia) The House of Habsburgs - Lorraine Genealogical Chart The Letters and Dispatches of Horatio Nelson Map--Napoleonic Europe Napoléon Napoleon Bonaparte Internet Guide Napoleon Series.org Napoleon Tyrant or Hero The Napoleonic Collection The Napoleonic Guide The Napoleonic Revolution Napoleonic Wars Series Napoleonica.org - Napoleonic Primary Sources (most in French) The Peel Web The Regency Fashion Page The Romanov Dynasty Genealogical Chart (Russia) The Spanish Bourbons Genealogical Chart Tallyrand and the Congress of Vienna - essay Wellington's Dispatches 1808-1815 Love Letter from Napoleon to Josephine Proclamations to the Troops - Napoleon Bonaparte Brumaire Decree (11-10) Constitution of the Year VIII Napoleon's Proclamation to the French People on Brumaire Order from the Minister of General Police to the Theatres of Paris (11-17) Law for Reorganizing the Administrative System in France Law for Reorganizing the Judicial System in France Napoleon at St. Bernard - painting by Jacques-Louis David Order for Suppressing the Newspapers The Concordat of 1801 The Constitution of the Batavian Republic (9-14) Constitution of the Italian Republic Decree on Émigrés (4-27) Documents upon Napoleon and Education (5-1) Law for Organizing the Legion of Honor (5-19) Law for Re-establishing Slavery in the French Colonies (5-20) Napoleon's Decree on Émigrés Madame de Rémusat Remembrances of Napoleon The Louisiana Purchase Constitution of the Year XII The Napoleonic Civil Code Napoleon's Account of the Situation in France Restoration of the Gregorian Calendar The Berlin Decree - Napoleon (the Continental System) The Confederation of the Rhine and the Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire The Imperial Catechism Senatus-Consultum for Suppressing the Tribunate (8-19) Decree for Raising Conscripts (1-23) Napoleon on the Battlefields of Elyad - painting by Antoine-Jean Gros The Shootings of May 3, 1808 - painting by Goya Decree upon Printing and Bookselling (2-5) The Battle of Borodino - Baron Lejeune Napoleon in His Study - painting by Jacques-Louis David The Constitutional Charter of 1814 A Farewell to the Old Guard - Napoleon The Treaty of Paris, 1814 (May 30) The Holy Alliance Treaty Proclamation of Napoleon The Treaty of Paris, 1815 (Nov. 20) Letter of Lord Londonderry to Richard Rush - about the death of Napoleon To the Column - a poem by Victor Hugo about Napoleon The Coronation of Napoleon - painting by Jacques-Louis David
French Revolution A Tale of Two Cities Accomplishments of the French Revolution - review chart The Bastille The Bourbons A Genealogical Chart (France) The Bourgeois Revolution - Georges Lefebvre Chronology of the French Revolution Comparison Sheet French and Russian Revolutions Constitutional Amazons Jacobin Women's Clubs in the French Revolution - essay by Suzanne Desan The Execution of Louis XVI of France Fashion Plates of the French Revolution The French Revolution - by Thomas Carlyle (full text of his book) The French Revolution Liberalism and Radicalism - detailed outline notes The French Revolution The Moderate Stage, 1789-1792 - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The French Revolution The Radical Stage, 1792-1794 - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The French Revolution The Start of the Decline of Western Civilization - Philip The French Revolution The Terror The French Revolution in the Popular Imagination A Tale of Two Cities French Revolutionary Political Groupings - chart The Ideology of the French Revolution - from Europe in The Language of Politics England and the French Revolution - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité Map--Revolutionary France Marie Antoinette Mary Wollstonecraft (biography) The Origins of the French Revolution - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The Peel Web The People and the French Revolution - lecture notes The Phases of the French Revolution - nice pie graph Philosophers of the Revolution - chart Recipe for a Revolution Teroristes - G. A. Williams Text Resources on the French Revolution Tuileries Gardens- A Short Dark History Women and the Family in France in the 18c - essay by O. Hufton Women in Revolution 1789-1796 Women in the French Revolution The Failure of the Parisian Women's Movement in Relation to the Theories of Feminism of Rouss Women in the French Revolution - symbols in art Concerning the Abuses of the Guilds, Regensburg (8-16) Remonstrance of the Parlement of Paris Remonstrances against Turgot's Edict Suppressing the Guilds On the Origins of the French Monarchy - Jacob-Nicolas Turgot's Memorandum on Local Government Remonstrance of Court of Excise Taxes 4 August Decrees Cahier of 1789, The Clergy of Blois and Romorantin Cahier of 1789, The Nobility of Blois Cahier of 1789, The Third Estate of Versailles The Decree Abolishing the Feudal System [in France] The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Food Problems in Paris - from the diary of the Major of Paris, Bailly The King's Acceptance of the July 14 Revolution - a journalist's comments Petition of Women of the Third Estate to the King The State of the French Economy - The Storming of the Bastille - an eyewitness account Specific Grievances of the Merchant Flower Sellers of the City and Faubourgs of Paris The Tennis Court Oath Travels in France and Italy - Arthur Young What is the Third Estate - Abbé Sieyes A Woman's Cahier Women's Petition to the National Assembly Prices and Wages in Paris - statistical chart Excerpts from a Diary of a French Nobleman Marat Attacks the Nobility Abolition of the Nobility The Civil Constitution of the Clergy The Decree Establishing the French National Guard A Left-Wing Newspaper Links the Revolution to the Abolition of Slavery A Left-Wing Newspaper Continues the Attack on Slavery Edmund Burke on Queen Marie Antoinette Letters on Education- Catharine Macaulay On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship - Condorcet Reflections on the Revolution in France Declaration on the Rights of Women The Influence of the Jacobin Club - from Camille Desmoulins' weekly paper King Louis XVI's Views on the Revolution Marie Antoinette's Instructions to Fersen Order for the Arrest of the French Royal Family Placard Advocating Republicanism The Tennis Court Oath - drawing by Jacques-Louis David The Brunswick Manifesto Decree Concerning the Death Penalty - the guillotine Decree Concerning the Election of a National Convention Documents of the National Convention A Girondin View - Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière Calls on the King to Declare War The Indictment of Louis XVI (a Real Audio file is included) The Proclamation of the Duke of Brunswick The Rights of Man - September Massacres September Massacres - coverage by the London Times Vindication on the Rights of Woman Women's Participation in Riots Over the Price of Sugar The Aristo Report on the Death of the King The Cult of the Supreme Being The Death of Marat - painting by Jacques-Louis David The Death of Marat - covered by The London Times The Death of Marie Antoinette - Edmund Burke Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens A Deputation of Women Citizens Demands Action on Food Prices The Execution of Louis XVI - newspaper coverage in The London Times (1-25) The Law of Suspects The Levée En Masse Manifesto of the Enragés Marat's Impeachment The Maximum The National Convention outlaws Clubs and Popular Societies of Women Proclamation of the Convention to the French People - The Execution of Louis XVI The Queen's Defense Chronological Chart of Executions The Trial of Olympe de Gouges Women at the Cordeliers The Zenith of French Glory - political cartoon - Maximilien Robespierre 9 Thermidor - Account of the proceedings in the Convention Hall On the Festival of the Supreme Being On the Principles of Public Morality Charles Fourier on the French Revolution Constitution of the Year III Law Against Public Enemies Law Upon British Products Alien and Sedition Acts (U. S.) Law of Hostages
Ancien Regime 18c Art - many links and pictures 18th-Century Food- An Upper-Class English Dining Experience 18c Social Order Peasants and Aristocracy The 18c Town and Its Inhabitants The Art of William Hogarth Bourbon France--Spain's Colonial Allies and Antagonists 1699-1781 The Bourbons A Genealogical Chart (France) Creating French Culture Treasures from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France The Damn'd South Sea Britain's Greatest Financial Speculation and its Unhappy Ending - Harvard Magazine Early Russian Tsars 1462-1725 - Genealogical Chart The English Bride- An 18th-Century Gentlewoman's Guide to Marriage France During the Ancien Regime - map (1780) Fredericus Rex Prussia's King Frederick the Great The French and English Colonial Empires of the 17c-18c French Old Regime Bureaucrats Intendants de Province, 1661-1790 Hanoverian Genealogical Chart (England) Jesuits and the Sciences 1720-1773 John Harrison and the Longitude Problem Last Mile Tours Capital Punishment in 18th-Century England Late 18c Clothes Madrid of the Bourbons Map--Urban Populations of Western Europe 1700 Map Labeling Self-Quiz--18c Russia - Kagan text site Map Labeling Self-Quiz--Prussia-Habsburg Lands Early 18c - Kagan text site Map of the Atlantic Economy (animated) Mercantilism Neo-Classicism (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists & their works The New Child British Art & the Origins of Modern Childhood (1730-1830) The Rococo 1715-1774 The Rococo Style (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists & their works The Romanov Dynasty Genealogical Chart (Russia) The South Sea Bubble Slave Trade Statistics in the 18c The Town Hill Enclosure Act of 1762 The Trans-Atlantic Economy in 1800 William Hogarth - massive number of his engravings & plates William Hogarth and 18c Print Culture William Pitt (Spartacus Site) Beer Street - engraving by William Hogarth Gin Lane - engraving by William Hogarth The Second Part of the South Sea Bubble Selected Sources on the Organisation of Work and the Guilds - Imperial Law Battle at Calcutta - Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Clive to the Lord Chancellor (2-23) The Battle of Plassey - Robert Clive to the East India Company (7-26) Peter III's Manifesto Freeing Nobles from Obligatory Service Catherine the Great's Instruction to the Legislative Commission Summa Quae - Pope Clement XIII's Encyclical on the Church in Poland (1-6) The Death of Wolfe - painting by Benjamin West Speech on India in the House of Commons - Robert Clive A Letter to Her Mother - Marie Antoinette India Regulating Act Pugachev's last ukaz (June) and Petition of Serfs in Kungur District, Perm' Province, to Peter III Anecdotes on the Countess du Barry Proclamation of Rebellion - King George III of England responding to increasing The Cost of Empire - from Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations Of Colonies - from Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations The Principle of the Mercantile System Letter on the Loss of America - King George III of England Account to the Kind - Jacques Necker Memorandum Against Necker - Count Charles Gravier de Vergennes Contract between the King and the Thirteen United States of North America (2-25) Speech in the House of Commons by Sir Edmund Burke Louis XVI's Reply to the Parlement of Paris Cahier of 1789, The Clergy of Blois and Romorantin Cahier of 1789, The Nobility of Blois Cahier of 1789, The Third Estate of Versailles What is the Third Estate - Abbé Sieyes British Act of Union (7-2) Aboard a Slave Ship
Enlightenment 17c Enlightenment Thought The Age of Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment in the Paintings of France's Museums Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza (biography) The Bourbons A Genealogical Chart (France) The Continental Enlightenment Jean Jacques Rousseau Creating French Culture Treasures from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France David Hume (biography) The Triumph of Science and the Heavenly City of the 18c philosophe - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The Encyclopèdie Europe and the Enlightenment The Philosophes The Hohenzollerns Genealogical Chart (Brandenburg-Prussia) The House of Habsburgs - Lorraine Genealogical Chart Immanuel Kant (biography) Jean Jacques Rousseau - the Rousseau Association John Locke (biography) John Locke The Philosopher of Freedom Map--Science and the Enlightenment The New Intellectual Order--Man, Nature, and Society - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History The Philosophes People of Ideas The Enlightment The Political Movers and Shakers of the Enlightenment The Racism of the 18c Social Sciences René Descartes (biography) Rococo Art Notes The Spanish Bourbons Genealogical Chart The Spanish Habsburgs Genealogical Chart Thomas Hobbes (biography) The Vision of Human Progress Vico, Gibbon, and Condorcet - from the Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History Who Was Voltaire A Letter Concerning Toleration - John Locke An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - John Locke Two Treatises on Government Some Thoughts on Education - John Locke The Persian Letters (No. 13) The Spirit of Laws A Discourse on the Origins of Inequality - Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Natural History of Education - David Hume - Voltaire The Social Contract A Treatise on Toleration - Voltaire Essays on Crime and Punishment Religion from A Philosophical Dictionary - Voltaire Declaration of Independence Voltaire's Letters on Sir Isaac Newton The Critique of Pure Reason The Confessions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau What is Enlightenment On the Future Progress of the Human Mind The Salon (excerpts from several observers of the period on the women)
Scientific Revolution Antony van Leeuwenhoek Blaise Pascal Cartesianism The Copernican System The Essays of Francis Bacon Galileo Galilei (biography) The Galileo Project Galileo's Villa Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (biography) Institute and Museum of the History of Science of Florence, Italy -- Multimedia Catalogue - Room IV Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton (biography) Isaac Newton-1 (biography) Isaac Newton The First Physicist Jesuits and the Sciences 1620-1659 1660-1719 Johannes Kepler (biography) John Harrison and the Longitude Problem Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion (animation) Latitude The Art and Science of 15c Navigation Map--Science and the Enlightenment Mathematicians of the 17c and 18c The Measurers A Flemish Image of Mathematics in the 16c The Medieval Synthesis and the Secularization of Human Knowledge The Scientific Revolution, 1543-1687 (1) - from the lecture The Medieval Synthesis and the Secularization of Human Knowledge The Scientific Revolution, 1642-1750 (2) - from the Lecture The Poems of Sir Francis Bacon A Revolution in Timekeeping A Walk Through Time Robert Hooke The Scientific Revolution (1) The Scientific Revolution (2) The Scientific Revolution - Professor Knox's site The Scientific Revolution Paradigm Lost - a historiographic essay Sir Francis Bacon's New Advancement of Learning Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe-1 (biography) The Ptolemaic System (picture) A Geocentric Explanation- The Earth Must Be Stationary Existence Dedication to The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies - Nicolaus Copernicus Tycho Brahe's System (picture) The Essays - Francis Bacon Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany Letter on Galileo's Theories - Robert Bellarmine - Francis Bacon The Crime of Galileo Indictment and Abjuration of 1633 Discourse on Method Blaise Pascal's Famous Wager on God's Existence Principia Mathematica - Sir Isaac Newton (full text) The Origin of the Royal Society from Account of Some The Astronomer - painting by Johannes Vermeer The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Absolutism 17c English Literature 1603-1660 (Luminarium site) Absolute Monarchy & Enlightened Despotism A Day in the Life of King Louis XIV Amsterdam Heritage Historical Buildings Bourbon France--Spain's Colonial Allies and Antagonists 1699-1781 The Bourbons A Genealogical Chart (France) Catherine the Great Charles I of England The Château de Versailles A Chronology of Russian History The Imperial Period (1689-1917) Creating French Culture Treasures from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France Documents on the English Civil War Early Russian Tsars 1462-1725 - Genealogical Chart The East India Company The English Civil War - Professor Knox's site The English Civil War Royalist or Parliamentarian Europe During the Age of Absolutism - map Prussia's King Frederick the Great Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia The Soldier King (biography) The Glorious Revolution of 1688 The Great Catherine (of Russia) Palace The History of the Habsburg Dynasty The History of St. Petersburg The Hohenzollerns Genealogical Chart (Brandenburg-Prussia) The House of Habsburgs - Lorraine Genealogical Chart The House of Romanov Geneological Chart Huguenot HIstory The Imperial House of Hapsburg Instead of a Constitution - an explanation of Britain's political system King Louis XIV masterminded the rise of France to a world power - essay by K. K. Campbell Laws in Ireland for the Suppression of Popery, commonly known as the Penal Laws Wrong Side of the River London's disreputable South Bank in the sixteenth and seventeenth century - Jessica A. Browner in Louis XIV Louis XIV - a detailed site The London Gazette Map Labeling Self-Quiz--(1)The English Civil War & (2)The Wars of Louis XIV - Kagan text site Map--Europe After the Peace of Utrecht Map--The Partition of Poland Map--The Rise of Prussia Map--Russia Under Peter the Great Oliver Cromwell Constitutional Crisis in England Oliver Cromwell's Internet Portal The Pamphleteers Protestant Champion Viewing Oliver Cromwell Through the Media of his Day - essay by Kevin A. Creed Peter the Great's Russia The Prussian Tradition The Rise and Fall of the Absolute Monarchy The Rise of Prussia Rivals to Rome The Ottoman Sultans The Romanov Dynasty Genealogical Chart (Russia) Russia in the Age of Enlightenment Russia's Reforming Czar--Peter the Great The Oliver Cromwell Song - by Monty Python The South Sea Bubble The Spanish Bourbons Genealogical Chart The Spanish Habsburgs Genealogical Chart The Spanish Succession Genealogical Chart The Stuart Puritans Stuarts Genealogical Chart (England) Thomas Hobbes Tulipmania Versailles The War of the Fronde 1649-1652 True Law of Free Monarchies Cardinal Richelieu Triple Portrait of Richelieu Observations Upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands - William Temple Social Conditions in 17c France Opening Address at the Hampton Court Conference - King James I Political Testament - Cardinal Richelieu Edict Ordering the Demolition of the Feudal Castles in France The Petition of Rights (England) Protests of the House of Commons - documents showing the growth of Parliament's hatred for King Charles I, first complaining ag Letters Patent Establishing the French Academy First-Hand Military Accounts of the English Civil War A Bust of Cardinal Richelieu - Gianlorenzo Bernini The Elements of Law Natural and Politics by Thomas Hobbes The Diggers Song - lyrics and downloadable sound file England's Woes - lyrics of a ballad from the English Civil War The Citizen by Thomas Hobbes - a discussion of the natural law foundations of government Declaration to Justify Their Proceedings and Resolutions to Take Up Arms (Eng.) England's Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance The Execution of Charles I Letters From a Parliamentarian Soldier (English Civil War) The Solemn League and Covenant - allied the Scotch Presbyterians and the Puritans in their struggle against Charles I - John Milton The Battle of Marston Moor - letter by Oliver Cromwell An Arrow Against All Tyrants - Richard Overton (Leveller) The Execution of Charles I - in the newspaper, The A Leveller Petition Excerpts from the Code of Law (Ulozhenie) - Russia Extracts From His Own Defense at His Trial for Treason - King Charles I of England A Letter to Lord Halifax - Diggers pamphlet Statement of the Levellers Womens' Petition (London) (chapters 13-14) - Thomas Hobbes Instrument of Government The Death of Oliver Cromwell - in the newspaper, The Declaration of Breda The Restoration of Charles II to the Throne of England On the Financial Disorders in France - Colbert's The Book of Common Prayer - lyrics to a song satirizing Olive Cromwell Syndics of the Cloth Guild - painting by Rembrandt van Rijn Vive Le Roy - lyrics to a Royalist recruiting song Letter to the Town Officers and People of Marseilles - Colbert Memorandum on Trade - Jean-Baptiste Colbert A Detailed Account of the Great Fire of London - in the newspaper, The London Brief Observations Concerning Trade and Interest of Money - Josiah Childs Toleration Act Madame Savigne's Portrait of Louis XIV and His Court Declaration of Indulgence Habeas Corpus Act Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture - Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bousset Peter the Great and the Rise of Russia - several assorted documents Laying the Seige to Vienna - John III Sobieski The Secret History of the Reign of Jan Sobieski The Treaty of Fontainebleau-Revocation of the Edict of Nantes Declaration of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal - Parliament pledges its loyalty to William and Mary Parliament Invites William of Orange to England The English Bill of Rights The King's Oath - established the requirement that the monarch uphold the Protestant reformed religion Toleration Act of William and Mary The Re-Establishment of the Presbyterian Church in Scotland Reverend Rowland Davies' (Cavalry Chaplain) Account of the Battle of the Boyne On Social Order and Absolute Monarchy - Jean Domat Proclamation on the Introduction of a New Calendar - Peter the Great Silver Medal of Louis XIV Portrait of Louis XIV - painting by Hyacinth Rigaud The Dutchess of Orleans Versailles Etiquette The Act of Union Peter the Great's Table of Ranks Portrait of Louis XIV - Saint-Simon A Description of the Empress Maria Theresa - Luise Gottsched Essay on Forms of Government - Frederick II Treaty of Paris (ended the French & Indian War) Proposals for a New Law Code - Catherine the Great A Description of the Daily Routine of Louis XIV - Saint-Simon The Vanity of Louis XIV - Saint-Simon Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow - Alexander Radishchev
Religious Wars 16c Daily Life Diego Velázquez Dutch Classicism Amsterdam in the 17c The Dutch Royal Family Early Russian Tsars 1462-1725 - Genealogical Chart The Hohenzollerns Genealogical Chart (Brandenburg-Prussia) The Huguenots The Life and Times of William Shakespeare Life in Elizabethan England Map--Europe in 1560 Map-- Ireland 1500 Map--Religious and Political Divisions of France 1585-1598 Map Labeling Self-Quiz--The Religious Wars (Kagan text site) The Religious Situation in Europe - map (1560) The Revolt of the Spanish Netherlands The Romanov Dynasty Genealogical Chart (Russia) The Spanish Armada (1) The Spanish Armada (2) The Spanish Succession Genealogical Chart The Thirty Years' War (1) The Thirty Years' War (2) The Thirty Years' War (3) The Thirty Years' War (4) The Thirty Years' War Outline Notes Tudor England 1495-1603 Wars of Religion Witchcraft Documents (including an excerpt from the Four Witches - engraving by Albrecht Dürer Queen Mary I's (Tudor) Will Elizabeth I's Supremacy Act Elizabeth I's Marriage Speech to Parliament Pope Pius V's Bull Against Elizabeth I The Thirty-Nine Articles Treasons Act (Elizabeth I's reign) The St. Bartholomew Day's Massacre The Dutch Declaration of Independence The Execution of Mary of Scotland - recorded by Robert Wynkfielde Queen Elizabeth I's Letter to Mary of Scotland Queen Elizabeth I's Letter to King James VI of Scotland Spanish Armada Map Queen I Speaks Out Against the Spanish Armada Sir Francis Drake Vice-Admiral, and the Rear Admirals Hawkins and Frobisher versus the Spanish Armada - in the newspaper, The Letters of Philip II of Spain 1592-1597 A Description of Elizabeth I & Her Court at Greenwich - Paul Hentzner in Journey The Edict of Nantes Act Against Papists (Elizabeth I's reign) A Private Audience with Elizabeth I A German Peasant Describes the Thirty Years' War An Assembly of Witches - painting by Franz Francken The Protestant Union Court Records of a Witch Trial at Bamberg Edict of Restitution The Ecstasy of St. Theresa of Avila - sculpture by Gianlorenzo Bernini The Treaty of Westphalia The Tryal of Amy Duny - Witch
exploration 1492 An Ongoing Voyage Should the Ming End the Treasure Ship Voyages Admiral Zheng He's Fleet The African Slave Trade (Spartacus Site) The African Slave Trade and European Imperialism Ancient Chinese Explorers Zheng He (NOVA) Cities of Gold - The Search for El Dorado (PBS series on The West) Colonization & Print in the Americas The Columbian Exchange - chart Columbus & the Age of Discovery Columbus and the Spanish Reconquista - 43 slide Powerpoint presentation The Columbus Navigation Home Page The Conquistadors (PBS) Cultural Readings Colonization and Print in the Americas Discoverers Web Dutch Classicism Amsterdam in the 17c The Dutch Royal Family The Era of the Spanish Galleons Explorers Web Site (massive links) The French Monarchy Genealogical Chart of the House of Valois The Great Food Migration - Newsweek, 1991 (special issue) The High Price of Sugar - Newsweek, 1991 (special issue) The House of Castile-Genealogical (Spain) Internet Modern History Sourcebook The Early Modern West John Harrison and the Longitude Problem Latitude The Art & Science of 15c Navigation Letters of Philip II of Spain 1592-1597 Map--The African Diaspora Map--The Americas Before Columbus 1450 Map--The Atlantic Slave Trade Map--Audiencias of the Viceroyalty of New Spain 1650 Map--Audiencias of the Viceroyalty of Peru 1650 Map--The Dutch Empire and Trade Routes Map--European Empires-1660 Map--European Trade Routes 14c-15c Map--The First Voyage of Columbus Map--Ming China 1368-1644 Map--Portuguese Empires in Asia 1600s Map--Spanish & Portuguese Exploration, 1400-1600 Measles and Smallpox as an Allied Army of the Conquistadors of America New Spain The Frontiers of Faith Pictorial Images of the Transatlantic Slave Trade Plagues & Peoples The Columbian Exchange - essay by Dr. Ian Carr Primary Source Documents on The Age of European Discovery - huge list Prince Henry, the Navigator Should the Ming End the Treasure Ship Voyages - essay by Jean Johnson Spanish Colonial Administration (web chart) Spanish Exploration & the Conquest of Native America The Spanish Habsburgs Genealogical Chart The Spanish Succession Genealogical Chart Trade Products in Early Modern History The Transformation of Europe in the 15c and Early 16c Where Food Crops Origniated Seeds of Change Garden Zheng He's Ship v. Columbus' Santa Maria 15c Slave Trade-The Portuguese in West Africa The Bull of Grenada issued by Innocent VII to Ferdinand and Isabella Privileges and Prerogatives Granted by Their Catholic Majesties to Christopher Columbus Columbus' Letter to the King and Queen of Spain The Treaty of Tordesillas Vasco da Gama Round Africa to India The Requerimiento Theodore De Bry's Copper Engravings Various documents on the Conquest of Mexico by the Spanish Venetian Portolan Chart of Greece and the Aegean area Partial Draft of Antonio Montesinos’ Sermon King Ferdinand's Letter to the Tainos Laws of Burgos An Aztec Account of the Spanish Conquest of America Ferdinand Magellan's Voyage Round the World Cortez' Second Letter to Charles V Letters to the King of Portugal - Nzinga Mbemba (Afonso I) Sublemus Dei The New Laws of the Indies Letter from India, to the Society of Jesus at Rome - St. Francis Xavier Letter of a Seville Merchant to His Agent in Lima, Peru Decades of the New World Bartolome de Las Casas on the Five Kings of Hispaniola In Defense of the Indians-The Sermon of Father Montesinos - Bartolome de Las Casas in his book, History of the Indies various engravings of Theodor De Bry - click on each title midway down the page On Cannibals - Michel de Montaigne The Natural History and Moral of the Indians - José de Acosta (1) Letter from a Basque Miner in Potosí to a Merchant in Seville A Voyage into the Levant The Black Legend - Bartolome de Las Casas England's Treasure by Foreign Trade - Thomas Munn The Repartimiento de Beinas From Labor to Cash Demands An Eyewitness Describes the Slave Trade in Guinea The Geographer - painting by Johannes Vermeer
Reformation The Anabaptists The Baroque - massive links & pictures Baroque Art Notes Italian Baroque Sculpture Bloody Mary & the Counter-Reformation A Brief History of the Inquisition The Bourbons A Genealogical Chart (France) Catholics versus Huguenots Distinct Viewpoints of Religious Discord in France 1560-1572 - essay Caravaggio The Catholic Reformation The Center for Reformation and Renaissance Studie The Council of Trent - major documents Discovery & Reformation Early Russian Tsars 1462-1725 - Genealogical Chart Edward IV (of England) -- Protestantism El Greco El Greco Paintings - a myriad of paintings for viewing The French Monarchy Genealogical Chart of the House of Valois The Gunpowder Plot The Gunpowder-Plot of 1605 The Trial of Guy Fawkes and Others The Gutenberg Bible History of Baroque Architecture The Hohenzollerns Genealogical Chart (Brandenburg-Prussia) The House of Castile The House of Aragon Internet Modern History Sourcebook The Early Modern West Jesuits and the Sciences 1540-1619 John Calvin (biography) John Knox (biography) Laws in Ireland for the Suppression of Popery (Penal Laws) The Life and Times of William Shakespeare The Life & Times of Queen Elizabeth I Luther and English Apocalypticism The Role of Luther in Three Seventeenth-Century Commentaries on the Book of Revelation - B Lutheran Hymnal Songs Map--Europe After the Peace of Augsburg Map-- Ireland 1500 Map--The Reformation & Counter-Reformation Map--Religious Differences in 16c Europe Map Labeling Self-Quiz-The Reformation (Kagan text site) The Medieval Synthesis Under Attack Savonarola and the Protestant Reformation - Lectures on Modern European Intellectual His Martin Luther People of Ideas The Renaissance & Reformation Printing The Renaissance & Reformation Political Movers and Shakers of the Renaissance and Reformation Protestant England Readings from the Protestant & Counter Reformations The Reformation - general overview with a nice chart at the bottom comparing Protestant and Catholic beliefs The Reformation Guide Reformation Ink - classic Reformation documents Reformation Picture Gallery (people) The Religious Situation in Europe - map (1560) The Romanov Dynasty Genealogical Chart (Russia) Selected Works of Martin Luther The Six Wives of Henry VIII of England The Society of Jesus The Spanish Habsburgs Genealogical Chart Suppression of the English Monasteries under Henry VIII Tudor England 1495-1603 Tudor Geneaology Chart (England) Tudor History The Wars of Religion Diabolical Seduction - A Witch on Trial Witchcraft Documents (including an excerpt from the Malleus Maleficarum) The Malleus Maleficarum Letters of the Six Wives of Henry VIII The Lyrics of Henry VIII - some examples of his poetry 95 Theses - Martin Luther The Imperial Edict of Worms Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Martin Luther's Definition of Faith On Secular Authority - Martin Luther The Twelve Articles On the Bondage of Will - Martin Luther Luther's Response to the Twelve Articles Against the Murderous and Thieving Hordes of Peasants - Martin Luther The Execution of Michael Sattler A Might Fortress is Our God - hymn written by Martin Luther with actual music The Augsburg Confession - Martin Luther (full text) On Predestination - John Calvin The Coronation of Anne Boleyn - recorded by Edward Hall Letter of Thomas Cranmer on Henry VIII's Divorce The Works of Elizabeth I Act of Supremacy (Henry VIII of England) The Last Letter of Sir Thomas More Anne Boleyn's Speech at Her Execution Draft of a Poor Law - England - William Marshall Letter of Princess Mary to Her Father, King Henry VIII - St. Ignatius Loyola The Suppression of Glastonbury Abbey Institutes of the Christian Religion The Jews and Their Lives - Martin Luther The Necessity of Reforming the Church Decree on Justification (6th. Session) - Council of Trent The Magdeburg Confession Letter of Edward VI to His Sister Mary Peace of Augsburg - select documents Excerpts from the Index of Prohibited Books Faith and Justification from The Christian Faith - Theodore Beza The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women Elizabeth I's Supremacy Act Ecclesiastical Ordinances History of the Reformation of Religion Within the Realm of Scotland ( first interview with Queen Mary - John Knox Acts of the Council of Trent The Harvesters - painting by Pieter Brueghel, the Elder The Peasant Dance - painting by Pieter Brueghel, the Elder The Thirty-Nine Articles Treasons Act (Elizabeth I's reign) The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day - by the historian De Thou (1553-1617) Court Records of a Witch Trial at Bamberg The English Book of Common Prayer The Protestant Reformation AP European History Web Links & Primary Source Documents Page Reformation CRRS Renaissance-Reformation web resources Essays in History -- University of Virginia
Renaissance The 15c and the Italian Renaissance 16c Northern Renaissance Art - massive links and pictures 16c Renaissance Art - massive links and pictures 16c Renaissance English Literature 1485-1603 (Luminarium site) The Age of Charles V (1338-1380) The Art of Invention Leonardo & Renaissance Engineers Art History on the Web 15c Renaissance Art - huge numbers of links Boticelli, Sandro (Web Museum) The Black Death Website (Discovery Online) Breughel, Pieter the Elder (Web Museum) The Byzantines in Renaissance Italy Caravaggio (Web Museum) The Center for Reformation and Renaissance Studies Cervantes-Related Website on the Internet The Complete Works of William Shakespeare Dante in Print The Decameron Web Early Renaissance Art (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists & their works The Early Renaissance in Florence (National Gallery of Art) Elizabeth I Exploring Leonardo Exploring the Sistine Chapel Ceiling The Florence Art Guide Index Fra Angelico Francesco Petrarch's Familial Letters The French Monarchy Genealogical Chart of the House of Valois Giotto High Renaissance Art (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists & their works The History of Renaissance Architecture - many photos Humanism The Influence of Islam on the Renaissance Important Events of the 14c Internet Modern History Sourcebook The Early Modern West Italian Renaissance Art Notes Jacob Burkhardt's The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (entire text of the book) Leonardo da Vinci Man of Both Worlds The Life and Times of William Shakespeare Life in Elizabethan England The Medici Family Tree The Medieval Synthesis and the Discovery of Man The Renaissance - Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History Machiavelli Online Mannerism (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists & their works Map--European Trade Routes 14c-15c Map--Muslim and Mongol Empires 1000-1500 Map--Renaissance Europe Map--Renaissance Italy 1494 The Medici Archive Project Neo-Platonism Northern Renaissance Art (Artcyclopedia) - large list of artists & their works Outline of the Literature of the Renaissance Piero della Francesca (Web Museum) People of Ideas The Renaissance & Reformation Political Movers and Shakers of the Renaissance and Reformation Printing The Renaissance & Reformation The Renaissance - Professor Knox's site The Renaissance What Inspired This Age of Balance and Order (PBS-Annenberg Project) Renaissance Art - a compendium of individual paintings-sculptures Renaissance and Baroque Architecture Renaissance Italian Sculpture Renaissance Maps 1500-1700 Renaissance Paintings Gallery Renaissance Sites Renaissance Women Online Rome Reborn The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture Selected Essays by Michel de Montaigne Thomas More The Thomas More Society Titian Tudor England 1495-1603 The Turks and the Rise of the Ottoman Empire Virtual Renaissance A Journey Through Time Women Philosophers of the Renaissance The Works of William Shakespeare (full texts of all plays!) World Art Treasures The Donation of Constantine Oration on the Dignity of Man Plague & Public Health in Renaissance Europe Day 10 - Griselda story - Boccaccio's Decameron The Plague Hits Florence - Boccaccio The New Education - Petrus Paulus Vergarius - Leonardo da Vinci The Holy Trinity with the Virgin and St. John - painting by Masaccio The Arnolfini Marriage - painting by Jan van Eyck David - bronze sculpture by Donatello The Dutchess of Urbino The Duke of Urbino portrait paintings by Piero della Francesca The Birth of Venus - painting by Sandro Boticelli Bust of Lorenzo de Medici by Veroccio Paternal Advice to a Cardinal - Lorenzo de' Medici Lament on the Death of Lorenzo de' Medici - Angelo Poliziano Compact between Spain and Portugal, signed by the Catholic Sovereigns at Madrid The Last Supper - painting by Leonardo da Vinci The Pietà - sculpture by Michelangelo The School of Athens - painting by Raphael -- The Mona Lisa - painting by Leonardo da Vinci The Small Cowper Madonna - painting by Raphael David - sculpture by Michelangelo(1) - Niccolo Machiavelli (full text) The Sistine Chapel - frescoes by Michelangelo Last Judgment The Creation of Man The Creation of the Heavens - Desiderius Erasmus The Handbook of the Courtier Leonardo's Notes on the Cosmos Sir Thomas More (full text) Several of Michelangelo's Sonnets Letter from Gargantua to his Son Pantagruel Michelangelo - Giorgio Vasari The First Set of English Madrigals Of the good fortune which the valiant Don Quixote had in the Terrible and Undreamed-of Adventure of the Windmills, with Other Fitly Recorded - from Cervantes' Don Quixote Michelangelo