APEH

Late 19C:  Rise of Nation-States in Italy and Germany

pp. 781-791

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. Why was it so difficult to unify Italy?  
  2. Who was Camillo Cavour, and how did he achieve what others failed to do?  
  3. What were Garibaldi's contributions to Italian unification?
  4. What attempts had preceded Bismarck's efforts to unify Germany and why did they fail?  
  5. What was Bismarck's policy of unification and why did he succeed?  
  6. What effect did the unification of Germany have on the rest of Europe?

 

 

APEH

Late 19C:  France and England

pp. 791-809

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. Why did the Second Empire fail and what problems faced the new Third Republic?
  2. What effect did the Dreyfus affair have on the politics of the Third Republic?
  3. Can Alexander II be regarded as a "visionary" reformer?  Why or why not?
  4. How would you contrast the British Liberal and Conservative parties between 1860 and 1890?
  5. What are the parallels between England's relationship with Ireland and the nationality problems of the Austrian Empire?

 

 

APEH

Late 19C:  Economics and Society

pp. 815-824

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. How would you describe the living conditions in European cities during the late 19th century?
  2. Why, and in what ways, were European cities redesigned during this period?

 

 

APEH

Late 19C:  Women's Experiences

pp. 824-835

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. What was the status of European women in the second half of the 19th century?
  2. Why did they grow discontented with their lot?  (What factors led to change?)
  3. To what extent had they improved their position by 1914?
  4. What tactics did they use in effecting change?

 

 

APEH

Late 19C:  Socialism and Comparative Politics

pp. 835-840

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. What was the status of the proletariat in 1860?
  2. Had their status improved by 1914?
  3. What caused the growth in trade unions and organized mass political parties?
  4. Why were the debates over "opportunism" and "revisionism" important to the Western European socialist parties?

 

 

APEH

Late 19C:  Intellectual History

pp. 853-880

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. What effect did Darwin's theory of natural selection have on theories of ethics, on Christianity, and on European views of human nature?
  2. How and why did Christianity come under attack in the late 19C?  How do you account for the resilience of the papacy during this period of attack on the church?
  3. What are the differences between realism and modernism?
  4. How did Nietzsche and Freud challenge traditional middle-class and religious morality?

 

 

 

Late 19C:  New Imperialism

pp. 885-892

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. How and why did European attitudes toward imperialism change after 1871?
  2. What features differentiate the New Imperialism from earlier imperialistic movements?

 

 

APEH

Causes of WWI

pp. 892-903

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. What factors led to the Anglo-German rivalry?
  2. How did developments in the Balkans lead to the outbreak of WWI?
  3. Who (or what) is most responsible for causing WWI?  

 

 

APEH

The End of WWI

pp. 911-922

 

Identifications:

Questions:

  1. Assess the settlement of Versailles.  What were its benefits to Europe, and what were its drawbacks?  Was the settlement too harsh or too conciliatory?  How might it have been improved?