Calculators
Abacus:
The Art of Calculating With Beads
Provides
extensive information on the history, construction, and use of the abacus
(including detailed instructions on performing addition and subtraction
functions), as well as comparisons of abacuses from different cultures. Features
an interactive abacus that indicates the value of each column by clicking on the
mouse to manipulate the beads. Also contains resources for teachers.
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/abacus/
Biographies of Women
Mathematicians
Biographical information on more than 125 women mathematicians. The biographies,
which vary in size, are indexed alphabetically by name and chronologically by
century of the mathematician's birth. All biographies are fully referenced. Only
a few are accompanied by a picture. The site is part of an ongoing project by
mathematics students at
Agnes
Scott
College,
in
Atlanta,
Georgia.
Searchable.
http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/women.htm
Calculating
Machines
Features history and photographs of mechanical calculating machines. Includes
advertisements, with descriptions, from 1937-1954. Discusses adding machines,
calculators, and the earlier devices - the abacus and slide rule. Provides
access to sites of related organizations, and periodicals.
http://www.webcom.com/calc/
Chisanbop: Advanced Counting on Fingers
Chisanbop:
Advanced Counting on Fingers
http://www.mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/58778.html
A History of Mechanical Calculators
Part I: The Age of the Polymaths. Part II: Crossing the 19th Century. Part III: Getting Ready for the 20th Century. Much more...
http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/cmhistory.htm
The MacTutor History of
Mathematics Archive
Searchable archive containing information about the history of math. Topics
include biographies of mathematicians from ancient times to the present
(including a timeline), mathematics in various cultures, an overview of the
history of mathematics, mathematical topics, famous curves, and "mathematicians
of the day." From the
School
of
Mathematics
and Statistics,
University of St. Andrews,
Scotland.
http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/
Martindale's
Calculators On-Line Center
This site contains nearly 20,000 links to online calculators. The collection is
organized into several sections: mathematics and statistics; science A-Z;
chemistry; physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; engineering A-Z; and electrical
and computer engineering. The general calculators category is broken into two
parts, A-G and F-H, and includes calculators for almost every imaginable
topic--car pricing, traffic noise, cooking measurements, mortgage loans, office
space, wind chill, and many, many more.
http://www.martindalecenter.com/Calculators.html
Vintage Calculators
Explores the history of calculating devices beginning 5000 years ago, from the
abacus to the invention of the electronic calculator. Includes a drawing or
photo of each device, an explanation of how it works, and its inventor. Features
a discussion forum, and related links.
http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/vintage.htm
How Stuff Works
The Abacus: Introduction
The abacus is
a mechanical aid used for counting; it is not a calculator in the
sense ... The
standard abacus can be used to perform addition, subtraction, ...
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/abacus/intro.html
Basic Slide Rule Instructions
Explains how
to multiply, find cube and square roots and other operations.
Includes
illustrations.
http://www.hpmuseum.org/srinst.htm
Blaise Pascal's Arithmetic Machine
However, Pascal's device could only add and subtract, while multiplication ...
In fact
the Arithmetic Machine could really only add, because subtractions ...
http://www.maxmon.com/1640ad.htm